Ideas for Level 4 Investigations
(Included with Lab Books)
- Chemical Properties of Soap and Why it Dissolves Lipids and Cell Membranes
- How Viruses are Able to Get Past the Cell Membrane
- IV Fluids - What's In Them? Are they All the Same or Different for Different People? What are the Chemical Components?
- Endocytosis and Exocytosis
- Aquaporins - What Are They? When Are They Needed? In What Circumstances? In Which Cell Types?
- Carbohydrate Component of Cell Membranes
- Cholesterol Component of Cell Membranes
- Potassium/Calcium Pump
- Types of Protein Channels and their Specific Functions
- Types of Protein Carriers and their Specific Functions
- Cell Membrane Disorders
- Cellular Homeostasis: Metabolic and Signal Pathways
Bio Test 5
(Structure & Function - Organelles)
- Evolution of Plastids and Mitochondria
- Specific Mitochondrial Diseases
- Specific and Unique Cell Types and How they Function (such as neurons, osteoblasts/osteoclasts, smooth muscle, striated muscle)
- Specific and Unique Cell Structures (such as flagella, cilia, stomata, pistols, anthers)
- Evolution of Eukaryotic Cells
- In-depth Discussion of How Specific Types of Cells Function
- Striated Muscle Cells - How Do They Function?
- Smooth Muscle Cells - How Do They Function?
- Electrochemical Process of Muscle Contraction
- How and Why Specific Digestive Systems Can Digest Cellulose
- LDLR Gene and Cholesterol Receptors on Cell Membrane
- Renal (Kidney) Tonicity Regulation
Bio Test 4
(Structure & Function - Macromolecules, Enzymes)
Bio Test 3
(Ecology - Photosynthesis, Cellular Respiration, Fermentation, Carbon Cycle)
Bio Test 2
(Ecology - Food Chains, Food Webs, Energy Pyramid, Energy Balance)
Bio Test 1
(Ecology - Biotic/Abiotic, Ecosystems, Biodiversity, Carrying Capacity, Sustainability)
Bio Test 7
(Structure and Function - Mitosis, Homeostasis, Organ Systems)
- Cell Cycle and Mitosis Timing - How Often and in What Types of Cells?
- Why are they called "sister" chromatids and "daughter" cells?
- Centrioles and Spindle Fibers
- Motor Proteins
- Research on Growing New Brain Cells
- How the Brain Compensates for Damaged Neurons
- How Neurons Work
- Recent Research on Specific Organs or Organ Systems
- Cell Cycle and Mitosis Regulation - What Keeps a Cell from Constantly Doing Mitosis?
- Specific Cancer Types - Mechanisms, Current Research, Metastasis Rates
- Types and Mechanisms of Chemotherapy - Current Research
- In-depth Investigation and Explanation of Specific Organ or Organ System
- In-depth Investigation and Explanation of Specific Homeostasis Situation
Bio Test 8
(Genetic Patterns - Meiosis, DNA Structure, DNA Replication)
- Any topic that has to do with genetics . . .
- Specific genetic disorders
- Gene therapy
- Genetic manipulation
- Ethics of genetic manipulation
- In-depth history of genetics pioneers and their contributions to the discovery of DNA: Rosalind Franklin, James Watson, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins, Erwin Chargaff, Oswald Avery, Linus Pauling, Friedrich Miescher, Richard Altmann, Frederick Griffith, Phoebus Levene, Colette and Roger Vendrely, André Boivin, Robert W. Holley, Har Gobind Khorana, Marshall W. Nirenberg
- Meselson-Stahl Experiment
- Mechanics of crossing over - chemistry component
- Genes that typically stay together during crossing over and why; where genes typically cross over - does it happen more often between some genes than others?
- Nondisjunction disorders
Articles
Bio Test 10
(Evolution - Darwin, Evidence of Evolution)
- Research of evolutionary biologists, such as Thomas Henry Huxley, Barbara McClintock, Sean B. Carroll, Stephen Jay Gould, Peter & Davidson
- Hox gene examples and mechanics
- Genetic development programming
- Cis-regulatory elements
- Gene enhancement
- Signal genes
- D. melanogaster - use in genetics
- Maternal --- Gap --- Pair Rule --- Polarity --- Hox
- Comparing epigenetics between species
- Cascading genes
- Urbilateria in genetics
- Hedgehog genes
- Switch genes
- Gene sequences
- Molecular clock
- Snake vs lizard development/evolution - role of distal aminos
- Glow tags' use in genetic mapping
- Controlling gene expression with short oligo morpholinos
- How proteins steer the genome
- Veto mediation of genes
Articles
- Ancient giant sea turtle with never-before-seen features found in Europe, scientists say
- New Findings Rewrite the Story of the “Neolithic Revolution”
- More flowers are selfing, scientists say. That could spell trouble for other species.
- How to lose weight the healthy way: more exercise won’t cut it, but switching your diet will, says professor who studied hunter-gatherers
- The Dogs of Chernobyl Are Experiencing Rapid Evolution, Study Suggests
- Ribosomes Optimized for Speed, Flexibility